Cumulative additive drill-card.



R. S. BRENNAN.

CUMULATIVE ADDITIVE DRILL CARDS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 15. 1911.

Patented May 29, 1917;

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RUBY SHEARER BRENNAN, 0F PORTLAND, OREGON.

CUMULATIVE ADDITIVE DRILL-CARD.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May .29, 1917.

Application filed March 15, 1917. Serial No. 155,117.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, RUBY SHEARER BREN- NAN, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing in the city of Portland, county of Multnomah, and Stateof Oregon, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCumulative Additive Drill-Cards, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to cumulative additive drill cards, and moreparticularly to drill cards especially designed for teaching anddrilling children in all of the fortyfive combinations in addition.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a card, which can beprepared in sets, each card of a set having sides, or flaps, at theedges thereof, capable of use in such a way that a large number ofdifierent columns of figures can be obtained by the manipulation of thecard for the child to add.

Another object of the invention is to "provide such cards in gradedsets, whereby each pupil can be provided with, a card that contains thecombinations which have been taught him, and in which he has reached thedrill period.

Another object of my invention is to pro vide a drill card of thecharacter referred to, adapted to stimulate the interest of the child inworking out a great number of diflerent combinations, or columns offigures to be added, none of which will contain combinations of 'figureswhich the child, using the cards, has not been taught.

Another object of the invention is to provide a profitable means ofindependent work for each pupil, thus eliminating the practice ofcopying, and which cards shall be capable of use without blackboardspace.

In order to more clearly explain my invention, I have illustrated on theacc0m panying sheet of drawings some of my improved drill cards, which Iwill now describe.

Figure 1 shows a face view of a card from the table of nines;

Fig. 2 is a similar view thereof with a top flap turned down over uponthe body of the card; a

Fig. 3 is a similar view showing the bottom flap turned up upon the bodyof the card;

Fig. 4 is a face view of a card from a miscellaneous set with the twoside flaps turned over on the body of the card;

Fig. 5 is a similar view thereof with the bottom and top flaps turnedover the body of the card Fig. 6 is a similar view thereof showing oneside and the bottom flaps turned over the body of the card.

Fig. 7 shows race and edge views of a card, and a detachable side.

In the drawings, the body of the card is designated 1, and the sides, orflap portions, are designated 2.

Each card is provided with such a combination of numerals, dependingupon the table for which the card is intended, so that the highest orlast table, which the child has studied will predominate in allcombinations which he is able to make up on that particular card.

For example, take the table of nines, a card for which is shown in Figs.1, 2 and 3 of the drawings. The pupil is furnished with one of thesecards during the study period, and from it he will write down and add asmany different problems, or combinations, as he can discover on hiscard, using first one side and then the other, turning the flaps indifferent waysin order to change the combinations.

Attention is called to the fact thatthe numerals on the top and bottomflaps are such as can be read in either direction; that is, one, naught,six and nine are used on the top and bottom fiapsof the cards for thetable of nines. The naught and the one are read the same no matter whichway turned, while the nine when reversed becomes a six, and the six whenreversed becomes a nine. It is possible by turning the flaps indiiierent ways to group the numerals on each card in such a way thatthere can be discovered more than fifty diiierent abstract problems incolumn addition on each card of each group.

In the preferred embodiment of my in vention, which I have illustratedon the accompanying drawings, the sides, or flap portions are made as apart of the body of the card, or are attached thereto in such a way asto be read in different positions relative to the body of the card. InFig. 7 I have shown a detachable side, or flap, with attaching tongue 3,adapted to be inserted in a socket 4c, in the edge of the body of thecard.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. A drill card comprising a body portion provided with numerals, andone or more side portions also provided with numerals on their backsides and adapted to be used in connection with the body of said cardfor changing the combinations of numerals, substantially as described.

2. A drill card of the character referred to comprising a body portionprovided with numerals, and with one or more side flaps also providedwith numerals on both sides and adapted to be turned upon the body ofthe card, whereby to change the visible combinations of numerals.

3. A drill card of the character referred to comprising a body portionprovided with rows of numerals, and side, top and bottom flaps alsoprovided with numerals on both sides, and adapted to be turned over thebody of the card, whereby to cover each a row of numerals on the body ofthe card and to present in place thereof the row of numerals on saidflap, substantially as described.

4:. A drill card of the character referred to comprising a body portionprovided with rows of numerals, and side, top and bottom flaps alsoprovided with numerals on both sides and adapted to be turned over thebody of the card, whereby to cover each a row of numerals on the body ofthe card and to present in place thereof the roW of numerals on saidflap, the top and bottom flaps being provided with numerals capable ofbeing read in inverted positions, substantially as described.

5. A drill card of the character referred to comprising a body portionprovided with numerals, and one or more side portions provided withnumerals on both sides and adapted to be used in connection with thebody of said card for changing the combinations of numerals,substantially as described.

Signed at Portland, Multnomah county, Oregon, this 9th day of March,1917.

RUBY SHEARER BRENNAN.

In presence of I. M. GRIFFIN.

. Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, byaddressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C.

